Free Native Son Essays: Bigger :: Native Son Essays

Local Son: Bigger  In his most renowned novel, Native Sun, Richard Wright effectively creates three significant topics: Racism, savagery as an individual need, and social treachery. He has caught the ground-breaking feelings and enduring, the dissatisfactions and desires, the eagerness and delirium, of all the Greater Thomas' in this grippingly emotional novel.   â â â Wright shows to us, through Bigger Thomas, how awful things were for the dark race. He tells how Bigger was brought up in an oneâ ªroom loft, living with his family and rodents. The lease was high, and his mom was scarcely ready to pay it. Greater's instruction like most blacks around then , didn't surpass the eighth grade. Without the assistance of the Relief Agency, Bigger and his family might not have had the option to keep up any longer monetarily. Greater had no cash, aside from the extra change his mom gives him, so he would typically simply hang out at the pool lobby, which was operating at a profit area, or southside.   â â â Bigger used to pull little employments with his companions, however every one of them counting Bigger needed to pull off a difficult task, by ransacking Blum's store. They were apprehensive however, of getting captured for looting a white man. They realize the police couldn't care less about blacks, and would most likely blame them for a lot more violations. Fortunately for Bigger, however, the Relief Agency found him work with the Daltons. At the point when Bigger went to the Daltons house for the first time, he brought his firearm, since it caused him to feel equivalent to the white individuals.   â â â When Bigger got to the Daltons house, he didn't realize whether to enter the house by the front or secondary passage. He searches for a path to the back, and understands the main route in is through the front entryway. As he rang the doorbell, he felt extremely upset. Also, when he began conversing with Mr. Dalton, Mr. Dalton gets some information about his past violations, which made Bigger feel forced. At that point Mary Dalton strolled in and inquired as to whether he was in a association, in the event that he thought about socialism, and afterward still more inquiries, until her father at long last requested that her leave the room. Greater was anxious about the possibility that that this little imp would get him to lose his employment. At that point he met Peggy, a servant, Who asks Bigger every one of these inquiries, similar to he could get what Free Native Son Essays: Bigger :: Native Son Essays Local Son: Bigger  In his most celebrated novel, Native Sun, Richard Wright effectively creates three significant subjects: Racism, viciousness as an individual need, and social unfairness. He has caught the amazing feelings and enduring, the disappointments and desires, the eagerness and madness, of all the Greater Thomas' in this grippingly sensational novel.   â â â Wright shows to us, through Bigger Thomas, how awful things were for the dark race. He tells how Bigger was brought up in an oneâ ªroom loft, living with his family and rodents. The lease was extremely high, and his mom was scarcely ready to pay it. Greater's training like most blacks around then , didn't surpass the eighth grade. Without the assistance of the Relief Agency, Bigger and his family might not have had the option to keep up any longer monetarily. Greater had no cash, with the exception of the extra change his mom gives him, so he would normally simply hang out at the pool corridor, which was operating at a profit locale, or southside.   â â â Bigger used to pull little occupations with his companions, however every one of them counting Bigger needed to pull off a challenging task, by looting Blum's store. They were apprehensive however, of getting captured for ransacking a white man. They realize the police couldn't care less about blacks, and would likely blame them for a lot more wrongdoings. Fortunately for Bigger, however, the Relief Agency found him an occupation with the Daltons. At the point when Bigger went to the Daltons house for the first time, he brought his firearm, since it caused him to feel equivalent to the white individuals.   â â â When Bigger got to the Daltons house, he didn't realize whether to enter the house by the front or indirect access. He searches for a path to the back, and understands the main path in is through the front entryway. As he rang the doorbell, he felt upset. What's more, when he began conversing with Mr. Dalton, Mr. Dalton gets some information about his past wrongdoings, which made Bigger feel compelled. At that point Mary Dalton strolled in and inquired as to whether he was in a association, on the off chance that he thought about socialism, and afterward still more inquiries, until her father at long last requested that her leave the room. Greater was anxious about the possibility that that this little imp would get him to lose his employment. At that point he met Peggy, a house cleaner, Who asks Bigger every one of these inquiries, similar to he could get what

Process Essay †How to Name a Cow -- Process Essays

Procedure Essay †How to Name a Cow Naming your dairy animals may not be a simple assignment. While some case to be knowledgeable in ox-like classification, some first-time bovine proprietors are most certainly not. The facts may prove that dairy cattle ought not be named in light of the fact that a developing connection to your cow may prevent monetary gainâ€if you intend to eat your cow, don’t name it. Most dairy animals sweethearts need not stress over any of this. Their dairy animals have become welcome family pets. They have put down their steak blades and chose to feast with them, not on them. Such compliant creatures have now become a piece of the family, and possessing however a couple of bovines has facilitated the issue of naming a huge crowd of dairy cattle. I once knew a family in Loma Rica that attempted to name all their numerous dairy animals. They couldn’t monitor them, and the family got mean, severe individuals. Bovines are simply excessively damn hard to recognize from one another when they are in huge gatherings, and you outright come up short on names. Dairy animals experts ordinarily start with a couple of bovines and are in this way ready to identify with their cows on an increasingly close to home level. Connect with your cow. Invest quality energy with it. Become more acquainted with it as it becomes acquainted with you. Both you and your cow have particular qualities that recognize both of you from others. That should have a major influence in the naming procedure, and investing energy with your creature makes a superior bond and offers understanding to a legitimate name for the animal. I may like an unusual name like Sink, Horse, or Unhalangami, contingent upon the character of my bovine. Someone else may like a progressively customary name like Daisy or Buttercup. Have a go at naming your cow-like after a conspicuous trademark or physical element. On the off chance that your dairy animals is a rich earthy colored shading, na... ...ter, Rolling Pin, Dinner Jacket, Vendetta, and Alaska. You can get some extremely incredible names by utilizing this method, however it might take a few attempts. Attempt other reference books for variety. An elective methodology: Instead of names, give your bovines words. Paint a word or expression on each cow. (Nontoxic cold-cream-based finger paint functions admirably for this.) As your bovines mastermind themselves in a field, in a kind of fluxus custom, they make a sly sort of discovered verse. Your cows can be your specialty. All things considered, investigate your potential outcomes; milk your sources. On the off chance that you are strict, supplicate, and request direction. Ask your companions. Ask your grandma. (On the off chance that you ask me, I would name my bovine Heimlich. At that point I could have Heimlich excrement!) Most of all, be inventive. Don’t stress, in light of the fact that with these pointers, naming your dairy animals will be fun, simple, and fulfilling.

Irritability and Other Mood Symptoms in Bipolar Depression

Irritability and Other Mood Symptoms in Bipolar Depression Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Depression Print 6 Unusual Symptoms of Bipolar Depression How to recognize extreme emotions common to the condition. By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 13, 2020 asiseeit/Getty Images More in Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Depression Mania and Hypomania Diagnosis Treatment In This Article Table of Contents Expand Irritability Anger Worry and Anxiety Pessimism Self-Criticism Indifference View All Back To Top Bipolar disorder is a complex mental illness characterized by periods of depression alternating with mania or hypomania (inability to sleep, taking on too much work or responsibility, talking rapidly, grandiosity, and other symptoms). Sadness and lack of pleasure (dysthymia) are two of the most common manifestations of depression in bipolar disorder, but they arent the only ones. When they reach extreme levels, there are six other emotions that can indicate the condition. If these feelings progress from reasonable responses to over-the-top reactions, it can be a sign that theres cause for concern. If you or someone you love has bipolar disorder, its important that you learn to recognize how these six emotions can be transformed by the condition. Irritability Everyone gets cranky occasionallyâ€"and often with good reason. The list of stressors that can cause a persons mood to take a nosedive is endless: for example, a bad headache, a sleepless night, or an unexpected bill. When to be concerned: Garden-variety irritability can be a sign of bipolar depression if a relatively little thing such as a minor interruption explodes into a major annoyance for no obvious reason. In other words, the response is out of proportion to what appears to be the trigger. Depression can also cause persistent irritability that lasts for days or weeks at a time. Can Depression Turn Into Bipolar Disorder? Anger Anger is a natural (and frequently reasonable) response to situations encountered in day-to-day life. For example, you may feel angry when a coworker is blatantly unfair or disrespectful. Anger also can be viewed as irritability thats been pushed to the limit. When to be concerned: When anger is a symptom of bipolar depression, a person may seem to explode over a situation or event that would otherwise be considered a mild irritation. They may even become angry in the absence of an external trigger. Someone exhibiting anger as a symptom of bipolar depression may seem (or even say that they feel) angry for no reason. Feelings of anger may seem to erupt out of nowhere. However, they may have been brooding for some time; only coming to a head after reaching a tipping point, which may have been a seemingly harmless trigger. If you or a loved one is experiencing persistent anger or anger that is frightening or escalates to violence, its time to reach out for help from your doctor or therapist. How Anger Management Works Worry and Anxiety As with anger, there are many situations in which its natural to feel anxious or worried. Under normal circumstances, these emotions disappear once the cause for concern is resolved. When these emotions dont get better or get worse, it may be a sign someone is dealing with a mental illness. When to be concerned: Worry that feels incessant or out of control (or out of proportion) can be a symptom of depression. Someone dealing with depression or an anxiety disorder may worry excessively about common everyday issues. For example, someone might perseverate on concerns like: Do I have enough sleeping pills? What will we have for dinner? Did I put gas in the car? A person with bipolar disorder may also express depression with extreme anxiety in response to the routine aspects of everyday life. For example, they might obsess about household tasks or their commute to work. Thoughts such as I have to call the plumberâ€"but what if he cant come today? or Id better leave early for my appointment in case the traffic is bad, could stem from underlying anxiety and depression. To complicate the symptom further, anxiety can also make someone indecisive. They may enter into a cycle of thinking about what they need to accomplish but finding it difficult to commit to a solution. Some people with bipolar depression experience generalized anxiety. This type of anxiety can be accompanied by racing thoughts; a common symptom of manic/hypomanic episodes. Normal Anxiety vs. Anxiety Disorders Pessimism Even the most optimistic person you know likely doesnt have a glass half full attitude all the time. There are times when negativity or a pessimistic point of view is clearly warranted. The disappointment of a rainy forecast for a picnic youd planned would likely spur some negative feelingsâ€"or at the very least, palpable disappointment. When to be concerned: With depressive pessimism, the negativity a person experiences is exaggerated compared to the reality of the situation. In fact, pessimistic thinking often precedes any specific event. A person may simply think: Its going to be another bad day. The negative viewpoint may not be limited to a persons external perception of the world; it can also be turned inward onto themselves. Someone who is depressed might think thoughts like, No one likes me. This negativity may also pervade a persons self-concept or sense of their abilities. For instance, they may look at a Help Wanted ad and think: Theres no point in applying for that jobâ€"I would never get it. When someone is depressed their perspective on how the world is, as well as who they are, is impaired by negative, often critical, patterns of thought. They may not be able to see (let alone feel) that they have good things in life to look forward to, that people who know them like and care about them, and that they are a capable person who has much to offer. Low Self-Esteem and Depression Self-Criticism Being able to honestly recognize and address your flaws is an important aspect of growth, but you dont necessarily need to be hard on yourself to be effective. You can be critical of your own behaviors while at the same time practicing compassion for yourself. All humans have flaws. Every person you know has their own old habits or unhelpful patterns of thinking that affect their ability to form healthy relationships, succeed in their career, or take care of their health. Recognizing how you might be getting in your own way is key to clearing the path so you can move forward. When to be concerned: If you view the areas where you need to work on yourself in an overly critical, even cruel, way rather than with compassion, it may be a sign that youre depressed. Its not uncommon for people with depression, anxiety, and other mental illnesses to focus on their flaws, which often become magnified. They may begin to find flaws that arent really there. The critical self-talk someone with depression uses can reflect this internal critic: the thought I look tired today becomes Im ugly. The realization I made a slight miscalculation in my budget becomes Im an idiot with numbers. A simple (and easily corrected) mistake may propel someone into a deluge of self-destructive thoughts. I forgot to feed the cat becomes Im a bad pet owner, irresponsible, and a worthless person. If you frequently berate yourself this way, it may be depression talking rather than realistic self-criticism. Likewise, if youre grappling with deep feelings of guilt (taking the blame for situations that arent your faultâ€"or anyone elses for that matter) it may be a sign of underlying, perhaps even severe, depression. Indifference Simply put, indifference is not caring one way or the other. By that definition alone, indifference may not sound like a good feeling to have. Indifference certainly can cause problems, both in personal and professional relationships, as well as our relationship to the world around us. For example, being indifferent to the suffering of others compromises empathy. Not caring about the outcome of a certain situation, or being apathetic, is often an indication that weve lost motivation. However, it can be very useful in situations when its necessary to push through without getting caught up in what others think or becoming distracted by your own feelings. Sometimes being indifferent is fairly benign: for instance, when a friend asks you where you want to have lunch, you may find you dont have a preference and would be content with any of the options. When to be concerned: When indifference leads to inaction, it could indicate youre dealing with depression. If you notice that the laundry has piled up, you havent paid the bills â€"but you just dont care, this can be a sign that your level of indifference is creating problems in your life. Its important for you and your loved ones to know that in these instances, its not that you dont careâ€"you cant care because of the shell of indifference created by depression. You may notice your indifference affecting your relationships. For example, a friend may come to you with a problem and rather than feeling engaged and compassionate toward them, you might find yourself sitting there silently or perhaps offering polite noises of agreement. Mostly, you just feel detached. The various symptoms of bipolar depression can be challenging to identify, but the more you understand them the easier for you (and those around you) to recognize your patterns. Having an accurate diagnosis, support from a team of medical and mental health care professionals, and treatment thats effective for you will help you effectively manage your symptoms. Learning to cope with any mental illness, including bipolar disorder, takes time. Keep in mind that its a processâ€"and one that you dont have to go through alone. Coping With Bipolar Disorder

The Handmaids Tale By Margaret Atwood Unorthodoxy - 849 Words

To be unorthodox one must have bravery, skill, and valor. Straying away from what is expected of oneself is not an easy task, and in The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood unorthodoxy is seen in every turn of the page. In The Handmaids Tale the most unorthodox character is Moira because she shows unorthodoxy in her early days, in her days as a handmaid in Gillead, and in her final days working at Jezebels. Moira shows the vast difficulty of being eccentric in a strictly orthodox society. Moira has been an unorthodox woman her whole life. She has always been a fighter and a strong leader. She is openly lesbian in her pre-Gilleadean days, which shows her tenacious and proud personality. Moira and Offred were friends before Gillead took control. Moira is close with Offred’s family; however, the novel never mentions that Offred knows Moira’s family very well. Moira and Offred were an unstoppable team before their lives changed forever when they were forced away from their previous lives and identities. Moira isn’t only a rebellious woman; she also is a voice of reason for many people including Offred and Janine. Offred even says in the novel, â€Å"Moira was more logical than [she was]† (Atwood 171). As Moira’s life continues it becomes harder for her to stay true to her nonconformist values. Once Moira is forced into Gilleadean society, she has two rebellious attempts of escaping her ghastly life as a Handmaid. Her first attempt of es cape is when she tries to get scurvy by notShow MoreRelatedThe Handmaid s Tale Essay1404 Words   |  6 PagesMr. Blythe Eng 406-3 April 27th 2015 the handmaid s tale essay Can human live without love? The answer is evidently no. Love can be defined as: the most spectacular, indescribable, deep euphoric feeling for someone. Margaret Atwood, the author of the outstanding dystopian fiction the handmaid s tale (1985) had once said: nobody dies from lack of sex. It s lack of love we die from.† In this novel, Atwood specifically depicts a society where relationships have been altered

The Romantic City of Venice Essay - 1041 Words

Venezia, known as Venice to the American, is one of the most unusual and romantic places in the world today. There you hear no car horns, alarms, or even squeaking brakes. There is just peace and quiet with a slight hum of the motor boats zooming by. You can be walking across a bridge where there are two lovers kissing and keep walking to the other side of the area and look back and they are still kissing. There is nothing to interrupt them, not even the slightest care in the world. It is a maze. Around one corner you could run right into the Grand Canal where you can hitch a ride on one of the famous gondolas, or around the next corner you might come to a famous square like the Piazza San Marco where the cobbled ground is covered in†¦show more content†¦They are a dirty marble color and have statues or other kinds of art lining the tops of their buildings. If you follow one of the 150 canals or even go down one of the calis, or alleyways, you will come to a square with some of the best pizzerias in all of Italy. Go into one of the mask shops and be blown away by the abundance and variety of hand crafted, famous masks, so famous that even stars like Tom Cruise have worn them in their movies. In all of the major tourist attractions in Venice you can buy seed to feed the pigeons who are running or scooping overhead, acting like they are starving. You can just throw the seed down on the stone underneath you, and before you have time to duck, hundreds and thousands of birds whiz past your head with no more than a slight breeze that gives you chills as they land silently, gathering, but still listening for the next silent drop. Travel down another hidden alley and you can come to a small, almost private square with a stone platform on which a man is standing. He has a long cord that is tied on both ends to a stick. He slides the ends together and dips it into a bucket that is sitting close by. With the movement of a springing cheetah, he withdraws the stick from the bucket. He slowly moves the ends of string apart while gliding the stick through the air, and when they are far enough apart, a huge bubble starts to appear. As he brings the ends back together, the bubble detachesShow MoreRelatedThe Merchant of Venice as a Romantic Comedy - Critical Analysis1690 Words   |  7 Pagesto follow the Roman tradition of Petrarch and Boccacio. br brShakespeares early comedies were classical in spirit but the later ones were more emotional, fanciful and humorous. ‘The Merchant of Venice falls between there two categories. It leads the list of mature comedies; has more Romantic characteristics than classical. It is also one of the earliest productions of the middle period. In this play Shakespeare seems to have obtained the highest use of his powers as a playwright, his facultiesRead MoreArt: Comparison and Contrast of 19th Century Art Essay1175 Words   |  5 Pages there is a difference between their styles, their point of view, and the scenery. However there are similarities between the two paintings. The paintings that will be compared and contrasted are â€Å"Under the Birches, Evening† and â€Å"The Campo Santo, Venice.† The first painting, â€Å"Under the Birches, Evening†, is done by Pierre Etienne Theodore Rousseau. He was born on April 15, 1812 in Paris, France. His family saw that he had great potential in being an artist and since their business was profitingRead MorePortia and Bassanio in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice785 Words   |  4 PagesPortia and Bassanio in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice â€Å"The Merchant of Venice† is a Shakespearean play based on the themes of friendship, racial prejudice, deceptive appearances and love, of which the most romantic is the love between Portia and Bassanio. In contrast, the other two couples - Lorenzo and Jessica, Gratiano and Nerissa – exhibit playful or down-to-earth love. Portia is as faultless as one could imagine. She is blessed with beauty, heavenlyRead MoreMerchant of Venice - Plot Structure1714 Words   |  7 PagesMerchant of Venice is apparently fanciful but in reality exactingly structured./b/center br brThe Merchant of Venice is a fairy tale. There is no more reality in Shylocks bond and the Lord of Belmonts will than in Jack and the Beanstalk. brH. Granville-Barker, in Prefaces to Shakespeare. br brThis is one way of looking at the play, reading it or enjoying the performance. But it can be a contradiction to our actual feelings about this complex play. ‘The Merchant of Venice might appearRead More1.The Merchant of Venice as a Tragicomedy. 2. The justification of Shylocks actions in The Merchant of Venice. 3.The contrast between Belmont and Venice in The Merchant of Venice2296 Words   |  10 Pagestragicomedy Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice is a comedy with a difference. It was written almost certainly between 1596 1598. The play is classed as one of the 16 comedy plays but it is also a problem play due to the tragic elements woven throughout the intricate plot. The play concludes with a harmonious ending but all through the plot, reoccurring themes of sadness and tragedy are included. In terms of dramatic structure, The Merchant of Venice is undoubtedly a comedy. It follows theRead MoreVisit At St. Mark s Basilica1539 Words   |  7 Pagespillars, and the interior is floor-to-ceiling mosaics. There’s no fee to tour the main part of the basilica, and even booking an entry time online (so you don’t have to wait in the sometimes-long line out front) is free, so after you’ve wandered the city this should be your next stop. There are three smaller museums within the basilica which you’ll have to pay an entry to see; your budget and overall interest should dictate whether you visit all of them, but if you’re just going to pick one then byRead MoreAntisemitism in the Middle Ages1616 Words   |  7 Pagesperiods of time in Jewish history. Christianity’s view of other religions as inferior is portrayed in many well-known pieces of literature, including one of William Shakespeare’s most famous plays, The Merchant of Venice . Towering over Shakespeare’s romantic comedy The Merchant of Venice is the tragic figure of Shylock, a man who represents the treatment of the Jewish people in his time period. Before beginning to understand Shylock, it is vital to understand the historical and dramatic influencesRead MoreThe Two Worlds of Venice and Belmont Depicted in Shakespears The Merchant of Venice865 Words   |  4 PagesThe Two Worlds of Venice and Belmont Depicted in Shakespears The Merchant of Venice In The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare explores two different yet similar worlds. The world of Venice and the world of Belmont. These two worlds have many differences and some similarities. For example, Venice is a completely different setting compared with Belmont. Also, the characters in Venice are different but also similar to the ones in Belmont. Furthermore, the society in VeniceisRead MoreCommon Features of a Shakespeare Comedy1745 Words   |  7 Pagesin sexual attraction and romantic love. * Mistaken identities: The plot is often driven by mistaken identity. Sometimes this is an intentional part of a villain’s plot, as in Much Ado About Nothing when Don John tricks Claudio into believing that his fiance has been unfaithful through mistaken identity. Characters also play scenes in disguise and it is not uncommon for female characters to disguise themselves as male characters, seen in Portia in the Merchant of venice. Shakespeare’s 17 comediesRead MoreThe Ambiguities Of Shakespeare s Shylock1110 Words   |  5 Pagescompany, John Barton, multiple productions of Merchant of Venice had several variations but they still stayed true to the ambiguities that Shakespeare installed in the play. If we look at the ambiguities of Portia, Antonio, Bassanio and Shylock, we will see that they all have both good and bad qualities. The first character we look at is Bassanio, on one hand he is the idealized lover, the person that is courting Portia, who is the romantic heroine; if we look at his motives we would see that is in

JanMar Case Study Case Analysis Free Essays

The US paint industry is divided into three broad segments: architectural coatings, original equipment manufacturing (OEM) coatings, and special-purpose lacquers. The paint industry is a maturing industry. In 2004, sales were estimated to be slightly over $16billion and an average growth of 1-2% per year. We will write a custom essay sample on JanMar Case Study Case Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Architectural Paint Coatings Industry The industry estimates that architectural coatings and sundries (brushes, paint removers, thinners, etc. ) created sales of $12 billion in 2004. The architectural paint coatings segment is also considered to be projected between the 1-2% increase per year. The demand level for this segment is reflected by the level of home improvements and redecorating, the sales of new and existing homes, commercial and industrial construction. Competition Competition within this segment has been a result of slow sales growth and new governemtn regulations. The number of competitors has decreased by 40%; however, major competitors with low prices have come into place such as Sherwin-Williams and others who account for 60% of sales within the segment. They market paint under their own names as well as for private retailers. Architectural Sales Breakdown and Consumer Purchase Behavior About 50% of architectural sales are sold under private controlled brands such as Sears and Wal-Mart, 36% of sales are sold in specialty paint stores, and 14% are sold in hardware and lumberyards. There are three types of buyers of architectural paint which account for percent of total sales: â€Å"Do It Yourselfers† who account for 50%, professional painters who account for 25% and contractor/government sales who account for 25%. Home Improvement Research indicated that the â€Å"Do It Yourselfers† have increased the product line carried by retail outlets and spend on average $74. 0 per purchase on architectural paints and $12 on sundries. JanMar Coatings, Inc. Company JanMar, Inc. is a privately held corporation that produces and markets architectural paint under the JanMar brand name. They also sell sundries and operate OEM coatings. The company’s architectural coatings and product sales totaled to b e $12 million and $1. 14 million in net profit before taxes in 2004. Dollar sales have increased at 4% on average for year for the past decade. The company distributes in 200 independent paint sores, lumberyards, and hardware outlets. They service 50 counties in the Dallas Fort Worth Area and Non-Dallas Fort Worth Area. Of their outlet sales, 40% is based in the 11 counties within the Dallas-Fort Worth area while the remaining outlets are in the surrounded non-Dallas Forth Worth area. Of the industry findings, 70% of sales in the Dallas Fort Worth area are to professional painters who account for 25% total sales while 70% of sales in the Non Dallas Fort Worth area are to â€Å"Do it Yourselfers† who account for the 50% of total sales. (See exhibit 1. 1). JanMar Coatings, Inc. Company Current Situation. Competition has accelerated in recent years at the retail level and JanMar Coatings, Inc. is the highest priced paint in their service area. Therefore, JanMar, Inc. is in need of how and where to deploy corporate marketing efforts among the various architectural paint coatings markets in the southwest United States area in a cost effective way to increase market share, revenue, and awareness. Four Proposed Tactical Strategies Given by the Vice Presidents Among the four proposed tactical pans from the different vice presidents at JanMar Coatings, Inc. the solution to the problem is the Vice President of Sales strategy of increasing the sales force and here’s why: 1) Increasing the advertising budget through television could have a positive effect because of the current 25% awareness to consumers who purchase paint. However, research shows that consumers choose a store location before choosing the brand and 70% of the consumers reached through advertis ing are not buying paint. The advertising budget is already 3% of sales, so in 2004, the advertising budget was $360,000 which is reasonable for selling paint. To efficiently create awareness, JanMar would need to produce a cooperate ad with a retail outlet to get the buyer in the store. They would also need to increase sales by 8. 3% or $1 million to cover the cost of increase in advertising. (See appendix 1. 2). 2) To make a price cut of 20% would be unreasonable considering the costs of JanMar are unlikely to go down. Cutting price by 20% with the same variable costs would bring their contribution margin down to 19%. To get the same net contribution of $4. million using their current new contribution margin, they will have to generate $22,105,264. 16 in sales which is far above their past sales of $12 million and creating more volume to increase sales at this lower cost is not feasible which just one manufacturer in the Dallas Fort Worth area. (exhibit 1. 3) JanMar needs to focus not on cutting prices but positioning themselves differently from competitors as a superior quality and service company since they are a privately owned, focuse d just in the market of southwest United States. ) Increasing the sales force could have a positive effect if the sales representative is assigned to the non Dallas Fort Worth area since account penetration there is only 16% and focusing on the â€Å"Do it Yourselfers† because of the amount of sales they accumulate in that area. The amount of sales revenue needed to cover the cost of the one added sales representative of $60,000 base salary is $171,428. (See Appendix 1. 4) This amount of sales needed to incur this cost will be easy to achieve since the sales representative will be focusing on sales in the new area. ) JanMar has continuously controlled their 35% margin and costs even with added research and development. However, there are more competitors on the rise at big retail outlets such as Sears and Wal-Mart that the â€Å"Do it Yourselfers† will fall for if not guided properly. Therefore even though JanMar will be profitable if they keep everything the same as how it is with controlling costs and guarding the mar gin, they still cannot predict the future and there is growth within the marketing of 1-2%. Recommendation The problem that lies at hand is that there have only been five added accounts in the past five years. The account penetration in the Non-Dallas Forth Worth area is only 16%. With an added sales representative reaching out to the Non-Dallas Forth Worth area where half the sales and most the dealers already exist, they can focus solely on the retail account and â€Å"Do it Yourselfers† who contribute $6 billion to the total market sales per year of architectural products. (Appendix 1. 1) The sales representative will focus on the â€Å"Do it Yourselfers† in the non-Dallas Forth Worth area since they accumulate 70% of sales in that area as it is. We do not want to focus on the professional painters since 70% of our sales already comes from them in the Dallas Forth Worth area, and professional painters will chose our brand as it is because of the quality and knowledge and service of our representatives. We have to focus on reaching out to the â€Å"Do it Yourselfers† through retail accounts which is what the new sales representative will do. â€Å"Do It Yourselfers† 1) pick their project and product, 2) they gather information, 3) decide on the store, and 4) decide on the product they buy. So through a four step decision process of a â€Å"Do It Yourselfer† is where the sales representative will come into the picture to push them along to make the decision of choosing JanMar’s brand. Even if the sales representative made no new sales (which would not be the case if hired properly) and only was paid his salary, JanMar, Inc. still would still make $1,080,000 net profit before taxes which is smarter than implementing an added advertisement budget strategy, or cutting the price by 20%, or staying the same. It is better to have more people working in order to reach out to consumers and sell the product and brand. Sales representatives can truly connect to the â€Å"Do it Yourselfers† through their knowledge and passion; rather than just focusing solely on a mass advertising plan that wastes money reaching out to people not even needing paints or cutting the costs so low that it takes away from the superior quality aspect. Therefore, I suggest that you hire a new sales representative because this option will be the most cost effective way to increase market share, revenue, and awareness in the architectural paint coatings marketing in the Southwest United States. How to cite JanMar Case Study Case Analysis, Free Case study samples

Thesis of Study Books

Thesis Statement Immigrants and manual laborers are normally forced to work under poor conditions. The laborers are given harsh treatment in that they are not comfortable with the wage rates yet their job involves using a lot of energy. Though they keep reminding the people in control, there is little that is done to improve these conditions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis of Study Books specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This results to indulgence of rights activists who try to convince the ruling elite in improving the conditions of the workers. As explicatively detailed in the three novels (Germinal by Emile Zola, The Bomb by Frank Harris and the Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting in America by Barbara Ehrenreich), these themes are eminently existent and thus need to be addressed. To begin with, most of the characters in the books are mistreated and given inhumane treatment. They are not allowed to indul ge in movements that are geared towards improving their working condition. On the contrary, the people are made to work in conditions that degrade human life and reduce the regard for human dignity. In Germinal by Emile Zola, Etienne is working in bad conditions but he is forced to work in such conditions since he has to make ends meet. This is the only work he has landed on in the new country, therefore, looking for a better work would be challenging. In the book, The Bomb by Frank Harris, there are many workers who have boycotted their work to ensure they are given better treatment and working conditions. Instead of acting on their grievances, police are deployed to control the striking crowds of people. Lastly, in the book, Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting in America by Barbara Ehrenreich, the people who are working in the economy are given low wages. Though they are complaining, there is little that is done to make their life better. Moreover, the three books have a deep insig ht based on immigrants. Immigrants are a disadvantaged lot of peons in a country. To begin with, Etienne only lands to casual jobs in the country he has landed in. though he is a slender human being, he is not in a position to land to a white collar job. This is a disadvantage that the people have to go through in enduring they have better life. In the second novel, the bomb, many of the striking workers are immigrants into the country. They are accorded low treatment and they are obliged to take it t the streets to call for better treatment. In the third novel, immigrants do not get better treatment like the original residents of the country. It is evident that immigrants need high resilience to encounter atrocities in their life. More details regarding the intricacies of these books , in relations to the thesis statement, are given below.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Germin al by Emile Zola Germinal by Emile Zola is considered to be a masterpiece in the French tradition. Gervaise Macquart’s son, Etienne Lantier, is an immigrant who seeks to work in coal mining in Montsou town. It happened after he lost his job in a railway workshop. He resides in a town that is full of coal miners and tries to relate freely with the miners. He is an educated man with a bizarre violent streak but fearful. However, he is strong enough to be a manual laborer in the town. It brings out the question whether all immigrants have to work as manual laborers. The working conditions in the mines are in a deplorable state as expressed by the author. In their prolonged stay in the mines, these conditions keep on dilapidating to an even worse state. Apparently, Etienne has lived long enough in the village and he is a respected member of the society due to his indulgence in the activities that are geared towards improving the living standards of the people. He is declared an i deologist that could help in improving the deteriorating working conditions of the workers. Similarly, Etienne is considered as a strong political activist who could succeed in leading people to attain better working conditions. With the impoverished state in the region, the workers decide to cause riots that sparkled violence in the area. There is a bizarre incident that occurs after the police and army officers have been deployed to reduce the riots. The workers get back to their work places and blame Etienne for a failed riot. Sabotage by a fellow worker leaves three workers trapped in the mines so they have to wait for long hours to be rescued. Etienne, Catherine and Chaval are trapped inside the mine after the entrance shaft is blocked. After the three workers are freed, Etienne is fired from his job. Having nothing to do in the town, Etienne decides to leave the city and look for a better place of residence in Paris. The novel gives hope that a person is always destined for th e greatest after encountering a string of challenges. The Bomb by Frank Harris This is a historical reproduction that focused on people inflicted with labor unrest in the colonial period. This is marred by eruption of violence in the city of Chicago as the workers are demonstrating against infringement of their rights as workers. The workers insinuated that their bosses were overly ruling them with little indulgence of human rights and conditions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis of Study Books specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The novel begins with Rudolph Schnaubelt, a German immigrant who is seeking to join the workforce in the country. He is a person who has grown in a very social background and knows how to have better relationships with people around him. However, he is driven away by the unkind environment in his country. His country is marred with hatred for the authority and the ruling elite as the y are known to record dismal performance in the development schemes of the country. He seeks refuge in Chicago just as people are experiencing labor unrest in the early 1880’s. The rioting and demonstrations are all over the town and are increasingly causing a menace to other people who are conducting their daily businesses. To begin with, there are many workers who are working in Pullman and McCormick plants, they are discontented with the treatment they are receiving in the plants, which triggers a violent reaction from the workers sprouting into a rowdy town. The government of the country is disturbed by the appearance of the rioting workers and in an obvious case; it deploys police and army officers to control the rioting workers. â€Å"For the first time in America, orderly meetings on vacant lots are dispersed by force† (Harris 132). The police officers appear in full combat gear and try to disperse the rioting workers. In retaliation, Schnaubelt snaps a bomb in the midst of the battles between the police and the rioting workers. It works out in a sad way as it results into the killing of eight police men and injuring sixty people in Haymarket square. Immediately after this particular incident, Schnaubelt is forced to flee to a distant region to catch up with the procession of the events, especially after setting off the bomb in the rally. He succeeds in getting into Bavaria where he will get all the vital information that he needs in regards to the aftermath of the bombing. This is a situation where a bomber comfortably looks from a distance of the processions that are happening after a situation that killed people and a large number writhing in pain. This is a depressingly ugly experience for people of Chicago as they have to deal with the atrocities that occur from the bombing. Apparently, people were trying to deal with their problems as an enemy attacks. Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting in America by Barbara Ehrenreich This is a book that reports how millions of Americans are working tirelessly but are paid peanuts. They have to work for the poverty–level wages to make ends meet. This is the only job they are capable of landing on and, in fact, life has to go on. The ruling elite promised to improve the life of people day by day, but it keeps deteriorating to even worse state.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The workers, on the other hand, are tirelessly working to make an improvement of their conditions (Ehrenreich 18). The plot starts with an undercover journalist who prepares to investigate the effects of the welfare reforms that have been introduced. This is a strategy that has been put in place to ensure that the poor people who are working tirelessly are given better wage and improved working conditions. The novel extrapolates on how people are charged more as the expenses grow rapidly beyond what is expected. Though the expenses are rapidly growing, their wages and salaries maintain their earlier margins resulting into a recessing budgetary estimate. The workers are having a minimum wage that should be used in incurring all their expenses and costs. The social setup in this period expresses suffering and struggling to make a niche for the families (Ehrenreich 91). Apparently, the author suggests that the spirit and dignity of such people is carried away by cultural expressions th at allow people who do not have regards for justice. Such people have a different way of life that does not give respect to humanity and human dignity. Some people are forced to become â€Å"de facto† in the society to be used by the ruling elite. The poor are made to serve the ruling epitome to earn a living. The three books extrapolate on how poor people are forced to onto manual jobs yet they are paid low wages. In addition to this ill treatment, they are not allowed to boycott their work stations. Though the boycott is a way of asking for better treatment, the ruling elite regards it as an illegal activity. On the other hand, people on top are living lavishly and neglect those who are earning little. In the author’s quest to find full information on the developments of the society, she starts to indulge in several activities. Indeed, the jobs have a low wage that is not enough to sustain poor people in covering all their needs. Some of the jobs the author describes include serving as a waitress, hotel maid, house cleaner and sales person. In the end, she suggests that even the â€Å"lowliest† jobs in the economy still exhaust a person’s mental and physical ability (Ehrenreich 211). Conclusion It should be mentioned that this books dwell on the social factors being disadvantages for the poor in the society. They are living in a deplorable state and have to struggle day to make their ends meet. Through their struggle, they encounter even worse experiences that make their life harder. Their grievances are kept pending by the responsible people since they have a better living in comparison to the suffering population. An outcry for help and solutions is thus, importantly, voiced by these books. Works Cited Ehrenreich, Barbara. Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America. New York: Henry Holt Co., 2008. Print. Harris, Frank. The Bomb. New York: HowYouWant.com., 2006. Print. Zola, Émile. Germinal. New York: Phonereader, 1968 . Print. This essay on Thesis of Study Books was written and submitted by user Cain Gomez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Chauvinistic Ideologies The Great Gatsby and Of Mice and Men Essays

Chauvinistic Ideologies The Great Gatsby and Of Mice and Men Essays Chauvinistic Ideologies The Great Gatsby and Of Mice and Men Paper Chauvinistic Ideologies The Great Gatsby and Of Mice and Men Paper Essay Topic: Of Mice and Men The Great Gatsby In literature, anti-feminism and patriarchal ideologies can manifest in very different forms. Some texts can be subtle while others are blatantly chauvinistic. A text can, however, can contain sexist ideologies but portray them in negative ways to promote feminism. If a text fails to address and condemn any forms of sexism it contains, the text promotes ideologies that damage society. Whether a text negatively or positively portrays the patriarchy vs feminism drastically alters the way we can interpret, value and read literature. Anti-feminist literature is damaging, and while it portrays the way most societies are, it does not accurately reflect the attitude or best interest of general populations. Both The Great Gatsby and Of Mice and Men take place in America during the 1920s and 1930s; a very male-dominated time in American society. While the texts do a great job of incorporating the struggles of the poor and rich in this rough time in American history by including class struggles and obvious discrepancies between how each class treats each other, both the texts fail to condemn the anti-feminist ways of life. The Great Gatsby is brimming with patriarchal aspects of life from the very first chapter. Nick Callaway, the story’s narrator, begins his story by having ‘dinner with the Tom Buchanans’ (8). He refers to his cousin and her husband by the plural version of Tom Buchanan’s name, rather than simply The Buchanan’s, to emphasize the male presence and procession of the home and family. Later in the book, after learning of his wife’s affair, Wilson locks his wife in the house. While a neighbor walks by, he hears Myrtle’s screami ng. ‘I’ve got my wife locked in up there,’ explained Wilson calmly. ‘She’s going to stay there till the day after tomorrow and then we’re going to move away’ (146). Instead of helping Myrtle, Wilson’s neighbor pries a bit but does nothing further to aid Myrtle. The neighbor acce

Definition of a Percentile in Statistics

Definition of a Percentile in Statistics In statistics, percentiles are used to understand and interpret data. The nth percentile of a set of data is the value at which n percent of the data is below it. In everyday life, percentiles are used to understand values such as test scores, health indicators, and other measurements. For example, an 18-year-old male who is six and a half feet tall is in the 99th percentile for his height. This means that of all the 18-year-old males, 99 percent have a height that is equal to or less than six and a half feet. An 18-year-old male who is only five and a half feet tall, on the other hand, is in the 16th percentile for his height, meaning only 16 percent of males his age are the same height or shorter. Key Facts: Percentiles Percentiles are used to understand and interpret data. They indicate the values below which a certain percentage of the data in a data set is found. Percentiles can be calculated using the formula n (P/100) x N, where P percentile, N number of values in a data set (sorted from smallest to largest), and n ordinal rank of a given value. Percentiles are frequently used to understand test scores and biometric measurements. What Percentile Means Percentiles should not be confused with percentages. The latter is used to express fractions of a whole, while percentiles are the values below which a certain percentage of the data in a data set is found. In practical terms, there is a significant difference between the two. For example, a student taking a difficult exam might earn a score of 75 percent. This means that he correctly answered every three out of four questions. A student who scores in the 75th percentile, however, has obtained a different result. This percentile means that the student earned a higher score than 75 percent of the other students who took the exam. In other words, the percentage score reflects how well the student did on the exam itself; the percentile score reflects how well he did in comparison to other students. Percentile Formula Percentiles for the values in a given data set can be calculated using the formula: n (P/100) x N where N number of values in the data set, P percentile, and n ordinal rank of a given value (with the values in the data set sorted from smallest to largest). For example, take a class of 20 students that earned the following scores on their most recent test: 75, 77, 78, 78, 80, 81, 81, 82, 83, 84, 84, 84, 85, 87, 87, 88, 88, 88, 89, 90. These scores can be represented as a data set with 20 values: {75, 77, 78, 78, 80, 81, 81, 82, 83, 84, 84, 84, 85, 87, 87, 88, 88, 88, 89, 90}. We can find the score that marks the 20th percentile by plugging in known values into the formula and solving for n: n (20/100) x 20 n 4 The fourth value in the data set is the score 78. This means that 78 marks the 20th percentile; of the students in the class, 20 percent earned a score of 78 or lower. Deciles and Common Percentiles Given a data set that has been ordered in increasing magnitude, the median, first quartile,  and third quartile can be used split the data into four pieces. The first quartile is the point at which one-fourth of the data lies below it. The median is located exactly in the middle of the data set, with half of all the data below it. The third quartile is the place where three-fourths of the data lies below it. The median, first quartile, and third quartile can all be stated in terms of percentiles. Since half of the data is less than the median, and one-half is equal to 50 percent, the median marks the 50th percentile. One-fourth is equal to 25 percent, so the first quartile marks the 25th percentile. The third quartile marks the 75th percentile. Besides quartiles, a fairly common way to arrange a set of data is by deciles. Each decile includes 10 percent of the data set. This means that the first decile is the 10th percentile, the second decile is the 20th percentile, etc. Deciles provide a way to split a data set into more pieces than quartiles without splitting the set into 100 pieces as with percentiles. Applications of Percentiles Percentile scores have a variety of uses. Anytime that a set of data needs to be broken into digestible chunks, percentiles are helpful. They are often used to interpret test scores- such as SAT scores- so that test-takers can compare their performance to that of other students. For example, a student might earn a score of 90 percent on an exam. That sounds pretty impressive; however, it becomes less so when a score of 90 percent corresponds to the 20th percentile, meaning only 20 percent of the class earned a score of 90 percent or lower. Another example of percentiles is in childrens growth charts. In addition to giving a physical height or weight measurement, pediatricians typically state this information in terms of a percentile score.  A percentile is used in order to compare the height or weight of a child to other children of the same age.  This allows for an effective means of comparison so that parents can know if their childs growth is typical or unusual.

Art and gender assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art and gender assignment - Essay Example Women are the objects that are looked† (Finzsch). In Mulvey’s male gaze, the male’s patriarchal role is extended to the film where the male imposes a hegemonic gaze to the women as mere objects of desire. Thus, it produces an imbalance relationship as women are reduced to an object of two distinct modes of male gaze where they became Madonna’s in male perspective (voyeuristic) or whores (fetishistic). In her work, viewers tend to identify with the protagonist of the film who is typically a male and thus, the perspective conveyed by the film is that of a man and it follows that women will be looked upon as an object of desire. Another view that I would like to point out about gaze in art that breeds oppression is the binary and heterosexual nature of gender orientation of gaze which alienates sexual orientation that is not heterosexual. By defining sexual desirability to merely exist between men and women as often observed in gazes in art, it unconsciously negated the existence of other sexual orientation and sense of desirability other than heterosexual relationship and thus, the assertion itself produced another type of oppression – that is, discrimination against heterosexual orientation and their preferences. Good artworks are not only in museums. They can also be found in other places and the experience is just as exhilarating as going to a museum. Art after all are not created just be placed in museums and galleries but to be appreciated and to bring joy and uplift its audience. Thus, I would like to discuss about graffiti or murals painted on the many walls of San Francisco, California. It is painted on a brick or wooden wall by combination of spray and brushed paint. There may be people who would disagree in this in art form calling it as vandalism but for me, its art and it reflects my state of feeling. I would rather call it as urban painting rather vandalism that instead of using canvass shown in the restrictive

Movie Titanic Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Titanic - Movie Review Example He wrote: "In the wake of the Titanicmania, several critics took on these broader questions. Frank Rich observed in the New York Times that Titanic "was destined to be truer to 1997 than 1912, no matter how faithfully the director, James Cameron, reproduced every last brandy sniffer of the White Star Line." One of the primary accurate accounts that the movie faithfully acknowledged off from the RMS Titanic was the date setting that the movie took place of. In the movie it was noted that the first launching of the supposed extravagant ship was in April 14, 1912 - the exact date of the launch of the TMS Titanic recorded in history. The gigantic putrid ship under the ocean was shown when group of treasure hunters explored the location of the sunken ship. The 2000 feet deep sunken ship being shown throughout the movie was actually the real footage of the Titanic that James Cameron have taken in 1995, before the production began (Berardinelli 1997). From the start, the acknowledgement of the real Titanic was implied by Cameron for primarily depicting the real one rather than the production's improvised version of it. This is apparently a sign of respect for the accuracy of the image of the ship, and also a point of accuracy regarding its image. Social Setting. Titanic represents the transition of the social condition during the real RMS Titanic's period by splitting its body in two when it was then persistently sinking, upon the film's depiction. The period then was apparently dealing on a scheme of the boundaries between the upper-class and the lower-class, and the period did really exist in social history. The status was visible upon the characterization of the main leads of the movie through Jack Dawson, played by Leonardo Di Carpio, and Rose Dewitt Bukater played by Kate Winslet. Although struggling in status, Rose belongs to the upper-class, while Jack belongs to the lower-class, both aboard in the remarkable ship though in different decks, denoting their statuses. Another historically accurate in sociological ground of the movie is the stereotypical setting during the period that hindered intimate connections between the rich and the poor, such as the sort of "forbidden love" case between Jack and Rose. Marriage of the rich families somehow became a trend then to secure one another's social status or wealth in society. The fictional character Rose had been dealing was a factual social pressure during that era when she was being forced by her socially-threatened mother to be married to the character that Billy Zane being portrayed, Caledon Hockley, the rich fiance of Rose. Upon prior meeting with Jack, Rose was already reluctant to be wed with Caledon, but she was being strained by conditioning of her mother to marry him to keep their status in the Alta society - many similar cases had been cited in the history at the period (Chumo 1999). Characters. The two lead characters are well known to be fictitious, which Cameron honestly claimed as to be. However, some real significant characters recorded from the history were given to life in the film, and fairly built up with characterizations that were based on their immediate descriptions from history as well - of what they were famous of. They were depicted upon the fictional scenes

2D and 3D Games

2D and 3D Games Difference Between 2D and 3D Games: Introduction: The first concept we should know that what 2D is and what is 3D means. 2D means 2dimension, here everything happens in a 2D plane. Like if we draw any picture on a paper then we can see that only from a single perspective, what kind of perspective we follow to draw that picture. For 2D surface the picture would be flat, without depth. To draw a 2D picture we use matte painting also. Like that in 2D games we can see the whole game from a single perspective whatever we follow to make it. And 3D means 3 dimensions, means here we can add depth in a picture. In 3D games we can see the character from different perspective. Here the pictures have depth and shadow which makes the picture real and it looks like something happens in front of our eye in real life. About 2D games: 2D games are also called Platform game. The word platform also describes that something held on a platform. Here the player can run, jump, shoot, collect powers on a platform. It is a video game genre; 2D games are become very old. But some developers still like to play 2D games to get the innovative idea, because we learn everything from past. Thats why they wants to play 2D games to make their game more interesting and get idea to give some new feature in their game. Mostly the characters of 2D games are cartoonish and unrealistic. We cant give a realistic feel in our 2D character. But in 3D it is possible because of depth. By using depth we can make a character which would look like a real. Mostly platform games are based on some levels, if the player can kill all enemies or cross a certain part which heshe has to cross (like-Mario) then only the player can move to the next level. In next level may be there would be more enemies which the player has to kill. As per my knowledge the era of platform games started in the early 1980s and the 3D games started in mid of 1990. There is some confusion that which is the first 2D games. Frogs is an arcade game which released in 1978, this is the first game where the character can jump on the screen, making the genres earliest ancestor. Space Panic, which is also arcade game and released in 1980, is sometimes credited as the first platform game. Donkey Kong is an arcade game created by Nintendo and released in July 1981, was the first game that allowed players to jump over elements which are there and across gaps, making it the first true platformer. There are some versions of Donkey Kong. The next version of Donkey Kong is Donkey Kong Jr. which is also become a famous game. Donkey Kong introduces Mario. The third version of Donkey Kong was not become so famous but it succeeds by Mario Bros, which is a platform game and it has an extra feature of multiplayer, where two players can play simultaneously. By using the same rule in future many gaming companies made multiplayer games. Pitfall is a video game released by Activision in 1982 for Atari 2600. Then 16 bit computer had introduced and it brought evolution to this genre, this time Saga introduced Mega Drive which is forth generation video game console. This console had introduced in Japan in 1988 and 1990 in Europe. It was released in 1989 in North America under the name of â€Å"Genesis†. This was Sagas most successful console. It competes with TurboGafx-16 which was released one year earlier in Japan under the name of PC Engine.One more console had introduced in this time that was Super Nintendo Entertainment System Entertainment System which is also called Super NES. It is also a 16 Bit video game consol which released by Nintendo in 1990. This consol had released in many countries like North America, Europe, Australia, and South America in between 1990 to1993. In Japan and Southeast Asia this system is known as Super Family Computer and in South Korea this system is known as Super Comboy which Distributed by Hyundai Electronics. Both systems were built for 16-bit computers and offered improved graphics and sound over the 8-bit NES. After Super NES released the Super Mario World released for this consol. To compete with Sonic the Hedgehog Saga released Sonic the Hedgehog which is platform game developed by Sonic Team and published by Saga for Mega Drive system. It was the first game developed by Sonic Team. Sonic Team is originally known as Saga AM8 which is a Japanese computer and video game developer and established in Ota, Tokyo, Japan in1990. Sonic include a feature of large field that scrolled effortlessly in all direction as well as manners of curve hill and a complex physics system that allows player to rush through its level with well placed jumps and rolls. It gives a massive hit, was a successful pack-in new system. At the end of 16 Bit era some games were released like Yoshis Island and Donkey Kong Country. Then new kind of hardware was released and it takes players attention, so the attention was totally shifted away from traditional 2D genre. About 3D games: The term 3D platformer referred that featured gameplay in three dimension area and polygonal 3D graphics. Games which have 3D gameplay but 2D graphics is comes under in Isomertic Games. On the other hand those games that have 2D gameplay in 3D graphics are called 2.5D that means these games are between 2D and 3D. In 3D we can implement depth to an object which gives it a real look. In 3D games the characters are look like real character which exists in real world, we can see the facial expression in characters face. In 3D games there are some missions, where the players completes one mission then heshe go to the next level and next mission would be more tougher than the previous mission. In 3D games multiplayer is mostly played by the players because they want to play together to beat one another or they make a group to beat other group and communicate with one another. After the era of 2D games, gaming companies first tried to make a platform game with 3D game and 2D graphics and isometric perspective. These games are also very old as the genre itself. The first game which have 3D perspective and moving camera came around in the mid 80s. Trailblazer was released for various computer in 1986, used a simple linescroll effect to create a forward scrolling 2.5D (also called pseudo-3D games) play field where players manipulated a bouncing ball to leap over obstacles and pitfalls. In 1987, Squaresoft released 3D World Runner, which is a forward scrolling action game, here in this game the player has to leap over obstacles and chasms. In 1990, an Estonian developer called Bluemoon released Kosmonaut which is a forward-scrolling driving/action game similar to Trailblazer, which consisted almost entirely of difficult platform-jumping obstacle courses. While the gameplay took place in three dimensions, and the graphics were polygonal it is considered pseudo-3D because it used a fixed viewpoint. Alpha waves which is a French computer game is to be found as the earliest example of a true 3D platformer, which is created by Christophe de Dinechin and published by Inforgrames in 1990 for the Atari ST, Amiga and PC. 3D games give the character a smooth movement, the camera angles would be from different point of view. A small developer called Exact released a game for the X68000 computer called Geograph Seal in 1994. This game was fully 3D polygonal first person shooter hybrid with platform jumping component. Players piloted a frog that could jump, then double jump, and triple jump high into the air, as the camera is also moved to show players jump and landing. In addition to shooting, jumping on enemies was a primary feature of attack. This was the first 3D platform game that released in Japan, but it never ported to another platform and not released outside of Japan. The following year, Exact released their follow-up to Geograph Seal for Sonys new PlayStation console. Jumping Flash!, released in April 1995, this game is generally regarded as a direct continuation of the gameplay concepts in Geograph Seal, which was likewise a mix of first-person shooting and platforming, with similar controls and camera-work. Here the frog was more cartoonish than the previous one its like a rabbit which is call ed â€Å"Robbit†. In this game the level design had an even greater focus on platform gaming, it was released in Europe and North America. It was titled as first 3D consol game. A Saga Saturn game Bug! Was released in 1995, it offered a more conservative approach to true 3D platforming. In this game players could move in all directions, but it did not allow movement along more than one axis at once — the player could move left to right, or forward and backward, but not diagonally left and backward at the same time. This game was very similar to 2D games but considered as true 3D games. This game had an extra feature that the player could climb on wall and ceiling, which was a great success. 2D platformer game In 1995 Fade to Black was released by Delphine Software which was a sequel of their popular 2D platformer game Flashback, it was the first attempt to bring a popular 2D platform game series into 3D. It had puzzle-oriented level design style and step-based control. It dose not follow the criteria of platform game and it came under action adventure game. It used true 3D characters and other objects. But its environment were created using rigid engine which was similar to Wolffenstein 3D in that it could only render square flat corridors. Sony, Saga and Nintendo were under great deal of pressure to release mascot platformer before 1996 holiday season. Sony choose an existing project by developers Naughty Dog, which was a small developer at the time who released the Way of the Warrior recently. Then Crash Bandicoot beat Nintendos new console to market in North America and it was released in the time for the holiday in Japan. Before switching to multiplatform releases in the following con sole generation crash would remain Sonys unofficial mascot for the next several years. Then Saga had tasked their American studio, STI, with bringing Sonic the Hedgehog into 3D. The project was titled as Sonic Xtream, it was to feature a radically different approach for the series with Fisheye camera and multidirectional gameplay like Bug! 3D games give the player a great area of play field than 2D platform games. Final Fantasy VII was a major breakthrough in RPG first person shooter which is still so popular game. Tomb Rider was one of the best selling game on the PlayStation in gaming industry. Sixteen generation era was the best system selling era. By the time Saga had produced 3D Sonic games Sonic Adventure on its new Dreamcast console. It used to play smoothly the games like Mario 64 with some extra feature, mostly it emphasis on speed. Then Nintendo launched GameCube console without releasing any platform game for it, but in 2002 Nintendo released Super Mario Sunshine that was the second 3D Mario game. Because of low numbers of level, and its level design was not so good so it was failed to make a good marketing. Platform game is a vital genre but it was failure to capture the popularity and market that they held once in 1998. In 1998 platform games had 15% of share of market but within four year it comes down in 2% while the RPG and first person shooter have continued the grow and popularity. Similarity In 2D and 3D games: Goal: There are some similarities in 2D and 3D games like both the game have some goal that player has to finish that then only heshe can move to the next level or mission or win the game. Control: In both the games the character has the ability to move forward, backward, jump, shoot to kill their enemies. It depends on the game, which game we are playing. If it is an intelligent based game then the controls would be different. Console: Both the games are made for some console for 3D there are some extra consoles are there. Playstation 2, playstation 3 are the consoles for 3D games. Replay Ability: In both kind of game another main similarities is replay ability. We can play several times. Like if we loose one level then we can play it again to win that level and move to the next level. Difference between 2D and 3D games: Character: The major difference between 2D and 3D games are their characters. In 2D games the characters are like cartoonish, they dont look like a real one. But in 3D characters sometimes they also look like cartoonish but due to depth the characters look like real. In 3D characters we can show the emotion in characters face. The characters take position when heshe shoot hisher enemy. Interaction: We can see the 2D character from only one perspective view may it be from side view, top view or players eye view (here the camera is placed behind the character). We cant implement all of these in a 2D game. But in 3D games we can see the player from different point of view in a game. We can move the camera in 3d games in three directions-sideway, up and down. Some of the games like Warcraft 2, Fifa here we use isometric point of view. This angle is not comes under 2D nor 3D. In isometric view the camera angle would be some fixed angel from where the characters look like 3D character. But these are not 3D games. Graphics: And another major difference is graphics, in 2D computer graphics are digital images. There are two types of graphics one is Raster graphics and another one is Vector graphics. Raster graphics or bitmap are composing by array of pixel, here each pixel has different color or shade. They are editing by changing color array by array. These are used to make mobile phone games, very old computer games. Vector graphics are composed with path, here path are use to establishing mathematical relationship between points within the image. In photographic images vector graphics are mainly used. 3D computer graphics are use to represent the 3D geometrical data. Then these datas are manipulated by the computer via 3D computer graphics software to customize their display, movement, and other appearance. Sometimes we use some 3D model which is a mathematical representation of geometric data that is contained in a data file. In 3D character we can implement light, shadows by using some software like-3ds Max, Autodesk Maya etc. by using these softwares we can make some character and then we can implement those characters in our games. Background: In 2D games we use a simple picture or some matte painting image for background, but in 3D games we use skybox that is the surrounding world. Skybox is a box which covered by some image which we can make by collage work in Adobe Photoshop. But there is a condition that in that image both edges should be similar. I mean it should be snapped together edge-to-edge. Then only we can feel the real world, if any difference is shown in that image then we cant see the proper output which we want. Then we have to import that image in Autodesk Maya or any 3D modeling software. So we should be very careful when we work on skybox. Level Design: Level design is based on games that which type of game it is. Before implementing we should be very clear that how many players are in the game, how many levels we are going to create. First we have to know that what we are going to make a 2D game or a 3D game. Because here realism do some matters. In 2D games it doesnt matters too much but in 3D games it gives a biggest difference. In 3D games we have to give a close attention on Texturing, lighting, and all the other things would be in three dimension. System Requirement: To run a 2D game the system requirement is not a big factor. It takes hardly 512 Mb RAM, without graphics card we can play 2D games in our system. It does not make difference too much in gameplay. We can play some 3D games also in this configuration. But some games are made with high graphics for that we need at least 1 GB RAM and if we use graphics card also with this configuration then the game would be more smooth and we can see the texture and the other things which used in the game would be visible clearly. Game Engine: Game engine is a kind of library, in library we can read books, if forget about the topic which studied then we can read it again. That means we can reuse the source. Like that game engine is a library of core function which we use in game. Game engines are as usually related to graphic, networking, input and other system. This is not a part of gameplay but it is a non specific part of game. By using this engine we can make several games. In most of the game engine we can play 2D and 3D games both. Key Control: In 2D games we use around 5-7 keys to control the whole game, hardly we take 10keys. This many key controls are enough for a 2D game. Sometimes we use mouse and some keys to control a game, and sometimes we use only mouse to control a 2D game (e.g.-Duck Hunt). But to control 3D game it takes around 15-20 keys and mouse to control the whole game. In a mission based fighting game like Delta Force we choose primary weapon, secondary weapon, bombs, grenades, binocular, map and many other options are there. Believability: 2D games do not give a real feel. We play 2D game just for fun. Mostly children love to play 2D games, because these kinds of games are easier for them and they enjoy it. 3D games are looks real which I already discussed, it feels like the player itself in the battle ground. The surrounding world gives that feel. There are some simulation games which are so original. Mostly this kind of games made for soldiers to give them training by playing games. In Simulation games the controls are exactly same which exist in the real thing. Like if a player drive an aero plane then the controls and the activities are be exactly there which exist in real aero plane. The enemies would come they also try to crash players plane. If the plane crash then the player would feel vibration, which gives the reality of that game. Market of 2D games: The market of 2D game becomes very low because nobody wants to play this kind of game. When 2D games first released it was so popular, gaming companies got million dollars as profit by selling 2D games. Because 2D games were new things for people, so they tried this to accept the challenge. But now these kinds of games are become very old. This is the era of 3D games; most of the gaming companies who made 2D games are now making 3D games because of market demand. Now people become fading up by playing 2D games, they want something more. 3D games give them a different feel to the players. So people love 3D games and it has a great market. Companies do not want to make any 2D games because of its down market, but also we make 2D games. To learn about making 2D games gaming colleges first learn about 2D games, thats why 2D games are still producing in the market. Online play option: We play online games which are called MMO that is Massive Multiplayer Online games. When we play online games nobody wants to play 2d games, they want to play 3D games. Online playing game is a genre of role playing computer games with a large number of players interact with one another in a virtual gaming world. Like when we play Counter Strike in online then we make two teams and fight with opposite team. First we choose one character, called Avatar then we start playing. In game we can commend to my mates to cover me, plant bomb and more other commends. Future Development: All gaming companies do not want to make 2D games, they are concentrating on producing 3D games. Whatever games they released they wants to improve them and make a new version of that game. People do not like to play 2D games but still 2D games are producing because in gaming institute first they teach us how we can make a 2D game. It is the basic idea of making game; they start with 2D games and then learn about 3D games. In future gaming companies try to make 3D games by adding some extra feature. May be they introduce some new console for playing game. Conclusion: Whatever difference between 2D and 3D games, players do not care on it. Whatever game we play, we play just for entertainment. We just want some relaxation after doing lot of work, so we play game. We play games sometimes to learn something. By playing 2D games children learn so many things. Like color, shape, fruit name, flower name etc. by playing that kind of game which give them knowledge about these things. Bibliography: http://hge.relishgames.com/ http://2dengine.com/page.php?p=about http://gpwiki.org/index.php/Game_Engines http://www.devmaster.net/engines/ http://www.selfgrowth.com/articles/Key_Advantage_And_Difference_Between_3 D_Games_And_2D_Games.html http://ezinearticles.com/?Whats-the-Difference-Between-2D-and-3D-Anyway? id=1634425 http://www.gameproducer.net/2007/07/27/differences-between-2d-and-3d-gameart-production/ http://forums.guestbook.com.tw/thread-43939-1-1.html http://books.google.co.in/books? id=iX3oWHNf9hMCpg=PA209lpg=PA209dq=difference+between+2d+and+3 d+gamessource=blots=jdvcEWDJDmsig=KA0WKC9fGQaqMMmJ_Adeyl6q wMYhl=enei=9OFiSqoexoCRBd_jlfoPsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnu m=7 http://blog.media-freaks.com/discerning-between-2d-and-3d/ http://www.theiphonedvd.com/blog/understanding-the-difference-between-2dand-3d-animations/ http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/107414 http://www.articlesbase.com/graphic-design-articles/2d-and-3d-computergraphics-553432.html Word doc goes here, ignore any pictures that are in them

Global Crime

Every nation of the world experiences the same crimes on some level within their society. From burglary to murder, every nation must deal with the criminals who help in various ways to shape the society that many either admire or fear. The rates of crimes around the world are significantly different from the crime rates that occur within the United States. The political and social structures of these nations often help in predicting the types of crimes that are more prevalent around the world compared to what is more prevalent within the United States. These structures also help to predict the ways in which the nations deal with these crimes within their criminal justice system. Through the evaluation of major global crimes and criminal issues, one can better understand the global impact that these crimes have on the national and international justice systems and processes. First, the prevalence of certain crimes varies from nation to nation and can often be based on the political and social structures of that nation. For example, in middle-income and developing countries, homicide is far more prevalent compared to nations with higher incomes (Shaw, et al, 2004). Research reveals that nations that have high rates of homicide tend to be accompanied by social and political unrest, where crime organizations tend to run the country more than the politicians (Shaw, et al, 2004). On the other hand, there has been a dramatic decline in the rates of robbery among nations included in North America compared to other nations of the world (Shaw, et al, 2004). Second, the ways in which criminals are tried and detained within the criminal justice systems of various nations differ due to the political and social structures that are set up for each citizen. Research has revealed that most nations follow a civil law system, which is typically based on Roman law structures, in which a person can be punished as soon as a sufficient amount of evidence proves that a person is guilty of a crime (O’Connor, 2011). This varies from the common law systems, where innocence is assumed prior to proving that a person is guilty of a crime (O’Connor, 2011). More common in nations, such as Iraq, Afghanistan, and Iran, the Islamic law system is directly based on the Koran, which is often interpreted as a harsher law system compared to other law systems utilized by other nations (O’Connor, 2011). The law systems that are utilized are critical to uncovering the standards and beliefs of a nation, which often helps people, determine what is considered a crime compared to what may be overlooked by a nation. For example, seven of the eight nations that are included in the group of Caribbean nations have been affected by colonial rule for centuries (United Nations Programme Development, 2012). This colonial rule has caused their criminal justice system to be based on British common law, as well as national statutory laws (United Nations Programme Development, 2012). Their courts are also structured in a manner that is similar to British courts, where there is a magistrate court, a high court, as well as a court of appeals (United Nations Programme Development, 2012). While every person tried in court are entitled to a fair trial, they tend to reserve juries for serious criminal trials, such as homicide, etc. hich distinctly varies from the United States, where there are few cases historically or otherwise, where juries were not used (United Nations Programme Development, 2012). These structures help to formulate the methods in which criminals are obtained as well as detained within each nation. For example, research has revealed that the rates of attrition, or the rates in which a criminal is obtained and tried for the crimes in which they are accused of committing, differ with the status of the nation (Shaw, et al, 2004). For example, nations that are more developed tend to have higher rates of attrition, meaning that more criminals have a tendency to be properly tried by the criminal justice system of that particular nation (Shaw, et al, 2004). In contrast, nations who were classified as â€Å"developing nations† tended to have lower attritions rates, which would be indicative of the lack of political and social structures, which would help to deter crime, as well as fairly punish those who have committed crimes within their society (Shaw, et al, 2004). This phenomenon can best be explained by the colonization thesis, which asserts that more developed nations cause crimes in developing nations, who are dependent on these nations for financial and other assistance (O’Connor, 2011). For example, Interpol reported that France (a developed nation) was able to successfully dismantle a crime network of both Georgian and Armenian nationals who â€Å"were believed to be linked to more than 300 burglaries† with 21 people being arrested and a substantial amount of money being recovered by law enforcement (2012). Through determining the attrition levels often help to determine the ways in which criminals around the world are rehabilitated through the punitive system. The corrections system, though similar to the United States, tend to be different from nation to nation. For example, in Jamaica, law enforcement depends on the probation system in order to rehabilitate criminals who pass through their punitive system (United Nations Programme Development, 2012). This still varies from other nations who are included in the Caribbean nations, where both probation and parole are commonly used to rehabilitate criminals (United Nations Programme Development, 2012). This, however, does not help to explain nations who have little to no crime. Nations, such as Switzerland, tend to have very few issues of crime in their nation, which many would normally assume is due to the fact that they have historically been a neutral nation and do not seek to pull a gun when issues can be discuss diplomatically (O’Connor, 2011). Research, however, has revealed that the reason that these nations have little crime is because there are wealth of social institutions that help to ensure that each citizen is well provided for (O’Connor, 2011). For example, Switzerland has a plethora of welfare programs, which helps to care for those who are among the underclass (O’Connor, 2011). This, in turn, helps to deter potential criminals from committing crimes, and even when crimes are committed, criminals are moderately punished after an extensive review of their socio-economic history, and are later assisted to help prevent them from committing future crimes (O’Connor, 2011). In conclusion, while crime is confronted on a daily basis by every nation, the rates and frequency of certain crimes vary based on the political and social structures of that nation. The ways in which each nation chooses to address these issues also tend to vary based on the political and social structures, which can affect the future rates of crime in those nations. Through the evaluation of major global crimes and trends, one can better understand how other nations structure their criminal justice system in order to deal with the criminals of their nations. References Interpol. (2012). â€Å"Crime network behind hundreds of burglaries dismantled by French police.† Retrieved from: http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News-media-releases/2012/N20120607bis O’Connor, T. (2011). â€Å"Introduction to comparative criminal justice.† Retrieved from: http://drtomoconnor.com/3040/3040lect01a.htm Shaw, M., van Dijk, J., and Rhomberg, W. (2004). â€Å"Determining trends in global crime and justice: An overview of results from the United Nations surveys of crime trends and operations of criminal justice systems.† Forum on Crime and Society, 3 (1-2). Retrieved from: http://www.unodc.org/pdf/crime/forum/forum3_Art2.pdf United Nations Programme Development. (2012). â€Å"Caribbean Human Development Report.† Retrieved from: http://hdr-caribbean.regionalcentrelac-undp.org/files/Chapter5_Caribbean_HDR2012.pdf

The Role Of Government Affordable Housing Policy - 1424 Words

That direct quote is from a staff report of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, â€Å"The Role of Government Affordable Housing Policy in Creating the Global Financial Crisis of 2008† which took place July 7th 2009. When Occupy Wall Street was happening Michael Bloomberg backed up this observation. â€Å"At President Clinton’s direction, no fewer than 10 federal agencies issued a chilling ultimatum to banks and mortgage lenders to ease credit for lower-income minorities or face investigations for lending discrimination and suffer the related adverse publicity. They also were threatened with denial of access to the all-important secondary mortgage market and stiff fines, along with other penalties. The threat was codified in a 20-page â€Å"Policy Statement on Discrimination in Lending† and entered into the Federal Register on April 15, 1994, by the Interagency Task Force on Fair Lending. Clinton set up the little-known body to coordinate an unprecedented crackdown on alleged bank redlining. The edict — completely overlooked by the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission and the mainstream media — was signed by then-HUD Secretary Henry Cisneros, Attorney General Janet Reno, Comptroller of the Currency Eugene Ludwig and Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan, along with the heads of six other financial regulatory agencies. †¦ (Morrissey 2011)† So what you had was again government getting in the way of sound business practices. Forcing banks and otherShow MoreRelatedBriefing paper on rural housing1482 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Table of Contents Briefing paper on Rural Housing Statement Britain has experienced a series of affordable housing crisis in the early 1980s and early 1990s (Bramley, 1994). 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